• Learning work skills

• Self-direction

• Communication

• Interpersonal skills

• Work tolerance

• Mobility

• Self-care

• Transportation (the ability to drive a motor vehicle or make use of public transportation)

Vocational impediment and its substantiality is usually not an issue among persons with mental retardation. There is a clear relationship between the common functional limitations in mental retardation and the ability to prepare for, enter, and maintain employment.

These individuals may exhibit inappropriate behaviors, be unable to operate motor vehicles or make use of public transportation, and may be unable to complete employment applications and interviews appropriately; all of which create true vocational barriers.

Parental expectations regarding the person with mental retardation affect the prospects for employment. Unfavorable parental expectations toward employment are a leading cause of VR program failure. The consequences of competitive gainful employment must be thoroughly explored with parents before making an eligibility decision. The role of parents and other relatives as a long-term support system must also be explored along with the availability of an alternative support system to replace the parents if necessary.

In some instances, the availability of transportation to and from work or services may be an issue in employability. Again, this issue must be carefully explored with parents or other caregivers as a part of the planning process. If public transportation is available, most persons with mental retardation can be taught to use it with initial one-on-one training and practice.